INS 102 / E102ColourVegan

Tartrazine (INS 102)

TL;DR

INS 102 is tartrazine, a synthetic lemon-yellow colour. It is used to give a bright, consistent yellow shade to drinks, sweets, savouries, and noodles where natural turmeric colour would be too earthy or fade too quickly. It is generally vegan and is permitted by FSSAI for specified food categories with restrictions.

Quick Facts

INS Number
102
E-Number
E102
Category
Colour
Veg Status
Vegan
FSSAI Status
Permitted with restrictions
JECFA ADI
0-10 mg/kg bw (2016)
Chemical Name
trisodium 5-hydroxy-1-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-4-(4-sulfonatophenylazo)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate

What is INS 102?

INS 102 is tartrazine, a synthetic lemon-yellow colour. It is used to give a bright, consistent yellow shade to drinks, sweets, savouries, and noodles where natural turmeric colour would be too earthy or fade too quickly.

Why brands add it

Brands use it because it is cheap, gives a sharp yellow that does not turn brown over shelf life, and survives the high heat of frying and baking. It is one of the most common azo colours on Indian packs.

Where you'll find it

INS 102 commonly shows up on Indian packets in these categories:

  • soft drinks and squashes
  • boiled sweets and gummies
  • instant noodles
  • namkeen and savoury mixes
  • kulfi and ice lollies
  • jellies and jams
  • icings and cake decorations

Veg or non-veg? - Vegan

Tartrazine is produced by chemical synthesis. No animal product is used in its manufacture.

FSSAI status and JECFA evaluation

FSSAI: Permitted by FSSAI as a synthetic food colour under Schedule I of the FSS (Food Products Standards and Food Additives) Regulations 2011. Restricted to specified food categories such as bakery, confectionery, beverages, and dairy products with category-specific upper limits. FSS rules also cap total synthetic colour use at 100 ppm in many categories.

JECFA: Group ADI 0-10 mg/kg body weight raised by JECFA in 2016 from the earlier 0-7.5 mg/kg, based on a chronic rat study NOAEL. EFSA's 2009 re-evaluation reaffirmed the older 0-7.5 mg/kg ADI; the two bodies currently differ on this number.

Also known as

On packets, in recipes, and in conversation, INS 102 is also called:

102ins 102e102e 102tartrazinefd&c yellow 5yellow 5ci food yellow 4acid yellow 23

Frequently Asked Questions

Is INS 102 vegetarian?+
Vegan. Tartrazine is produced by chemical synthesis. No animal product is used in its manufacture.
Is INS 102 permitted by FSSAI?+
Permitted by FSSAI as a synthetic food colour under Schedule I of the FSS (Food Products Standards and Food Additives) Regulations 2011. Restricted to specified food categories such as bakery, confectionery, beverages, and dairy products with category-specific upper limits. FSS rules also cap total synthetic colour use at 100 ppm in many categories.
What is INS 102 used for?+
Brands use it because it is cheap, gives a sharp yellow that does not turn brown over shelf life, and survives the high heat of frying and baking. It is one of the most common azo colours on Indian packs.
Is INS 102 (also written as E102) the same thing?+
Yes. INS 102 (the Codex International Numbering System used by FSSAI) and E102 (the European E-number system) refer to the same compound. The digits are identical for almost all common additives. Indian packets may show either form, or the common name (tartrazine).

Sources

Last verified: 2026-04-29.

Regulatory status, not medical advice
This page summarises FSSAI's permission status and JECFA's scientific evaluation. It is not medical or dietary advice. Manufacturer ingredient sourcing can vary, especially for source-dependent additives - the Indian veg/non-veg dot logo on the pack is the brand's declaration. For health decisions, consult a doctor or registered dietitian.

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