INS 322 / E322EmulsifierSource-dependent

Lecithin (INS 322)

TL;DR

INS 322 is lecithin, a family of phospholipids that act as emulsifiers and help oil and water mix. It is one of the oldest and most-used emulsifiers in chocolate, margarine, and bakery. Veg status depends on the source the manufacturer uses and is permitted by FSSAI for specified food categories.

Quick Facts

INS Number
322
E-Number
E322
Category
Emulsifier
Veg Status
Source-dependent
FSSAI Status
Permitted by FSSAI
JECFA ADI
Not specified (1973)
Composition
Not a single compound. Lecithin is a mixture of phospholipids dominated by phosphatidylcholine, with phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, and other lipids. The exact composition varies with the source (soybean, sunflower, rapeseed, or egg yolk) and the degree of refining.

What is INS 322?

INS 322 is lecithin, a family of phospholipids that act as emulsifiers and help oil and water mix. It is one of the oldest and most-used emulsifiers in chocolate, margarine, and bakery.

Why brands add it

Brands use it because a tiny amount keeps chocolate smooth and stops the cocoa butter from separating, helps margarine and spreads stay creamy, and improves mixing in instant powders. It also lets brands cut other emulsifiers because it is so effective at low doses.

Where you'll find it

INS 322 commonly shows up on Indian packets in these categories:

  • chocolate and chocolate spreads
  • margarine and table spreads
  • biscuits and bakery
  • instant cocoa and milk powders
  • ice cream
  • infant formula

Veg or non-veg? - Source-dependent

Lecithin can be plant-based (soybean, sunflower, rapeseed) or animal-based (egg yolk lecithin). On Indian packs the source is typically soy or sunflower (vegan) but the label rarely names the source. The Indian veg/non-veg dot logo is the practical signal: a green dot means the brand has declared a non-animal source. If the dot is missing or the pack lists 'egg lecithin', treat it as non-vegan.

FSSAI status and JECFA evaluation

FSSAI: Permitted by FSSAI as an emulsifier under Schedule I of the FSS (Food Products Standards and Food Additives) Regulations 2011 for specified food categories with category-specific limits.

JECFA: ADI 'not specified' established at the 17th JECFA (1973), the modern equivalent meaning JECFA considers normal dietary intake unproblematic.

Also known as

On packets, in recipes, and in conversation, INS 322 is also called:

322ins 322e322e 322lecithinlecithinssoya lecithinsoy lecithinsunflower lecithinphosphatidylcholine

Frequently Asked Questions

Is INS 322 vegetarian?+
Source-dependent. Lecithin can be plant-based (soybean, sunflower, rapeseed) or animal-based (egg yolk lecithin). On Indian packs the source is typically soy or sunflower (vegan) but the label rarely names the source. The Indian veg/non-veg dot logo is the practical signal: a green dot means the brand has declared a non-animal source. If the dot is missing or the pack lists 'egg lecithin', treat it as non-vegan.
Is INS 322 permitted by FSSAI?+
Permitted by FSSAI as an emulsifier under Schedule I of the FSS (Food Products Standards and Food Additives) Regulations 2011 for specified food categories with category-specific limits.
What is INS 322 used for?+
Brands use it because a tiny amount keeps chocolate smooth and stops the cocoa butter from separating, helps margarine and spreads stay creamy, and improves mixing in instant powders. It also lets brands cut other emulsifiers because it is so effective at low doses.
Is INS 322 (also written as E322) the same thing?+
Yes. INS 322 (the Codex International Numbering System used by FSSAI) and E322 (the European E-number system) refer to the same compound. The digits are identical for almost all common additives. Indian packets may show either form, or the common name (lecithin).

Sources

Last verified: 2026-04-29.

Regulatory status, not medical advice
This page summarises FSSAI's permission status and JECFA's scientific evaluation. It is not medical or dietary advice. Manufacturer ingredient sourcing can vary, especially for source-dependent additives - the Indian veg/non-veg dot logo on the pack is the brand's declaration. For health decisions, consult a doctor or registered dietitian.

Related ingredients