INS 412 / E412ThickenerVegan

Guar Gum (INS 412)

TL;DR

INS 412 is guar gum, a thickener made from the seeds of the guar bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba). It is one of the workhorse thickeners on Indian packs, especially in ice cream, sauces, and gluten-free baking. It is generally vegan and is permitted by FSSAI for specified food categories.

Quick Facts

INS Number
412
E-Number
E412
Category
Thickener
Veg Status
Vegan
FSSAI Status
Permitted by FSSAI
JECFA ADI
Not specified (1975)
Composition
Not a single compound. Guar gum is a polysaccharide (a galactomannan with a mannose backbone and galactose side chains) extracted from the endosperm of the guar bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), an Indian-origin legume cultivated mostly in Rajasthan and Haryana.

What is INS 412?

INS 412 is guar gum, a thickener made from the seeds of the guar bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba). It is one of the workhorse thickeners on Indian packs, especially in ice cream, sauces, and gluten-free baking.

Why brands add it

Brands use it because a tiny amount makes ice cream creamier, sauces clingier, and gluten-free dough less crumbly. It works at lower doses than most other thickeners and is plant-based, which suits Indian vegetarian audiences.

Where you'll find it

INS 412 commonly shows up on Indian packets in these categories:

  • ice cream and frozen desserts
  • ketchup and sauces
  • yoghurts and dairy desserts
  • instant noodles seasoning
  • gluten-free bakery
  • salad dressings

Veg or non-veg? - Vegan

Guar gum is extracted from the endosperm of guar beans by mechanical processing. No animal product is used in its manufacture.

FSSAI status and JECFA evaluation

FSSAI: Permitted by FSSAI as a thickener and stabiliser under Schedule I of the FSS (Food Products Standards and Food Additives) Regulations 2011 for specified food categories.

JECFA: ADI 'not specified' established at the 19th JECFA (1975), the modern equivalent meaning normal dietary intake is not a hazard.

Also known as

On packets, in recipes, and in conversation, INS 412 is also called:

412ins 412e412e 412guar gumguar flourcyamopsis gumguar bean gum

Frequently Asked Questions

Is INS 412 vegetarian?+
Vegan. Guar gum is extracted from the endosperm of guar beans by mechanical processing. No animal product is used in its manufacture.
Is INS 412 permitted by FSSAI?+
Permitted by FSSAI as a thickener and stabiliser under Schedule I of the FSS (Food Products Standards and Food Additives) Regulations 2011 for specified food categories.
What is INS 412 used for?+
Brands use it because a tiny amount makes ice cream creamier, sauces clingier, and gluten-free dough less crumbly. It works at lower doses than most other thickeners and is plant-based, which suits Indian vegetarian audiences.
Is INS 412 (also written as E412) the same thing?+
Yes. INS 412 (the Codex International Numbering System used by FSSAI) and E412 (the European E-number system) refer to the same compound. The digits are identical for almost all common additives. Indian packets may show either form, or the common name (guar gum).

Sources

Last verified: 2026-04-29.

Regulatory status, not medical advice
This page summarises FSSAI's permission status and JECFA's scientific evaluation. It is not medical or dietary advice. Manufacturer ingredient sourcing can vary, especially for source-dependent additives - the Indian veg/non-veg dot logo on the pack is the brand's declaration. For health decisions, consult a doctor or registered dietitian.

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