INS 414 / E414ThickenerVegan

Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum) (INS 414)

TL;DR

INS 414 is gum arabic, also called acacia gum, the dried sap of acacia trees. On Indian packs it shows up in soft drinks (where it suspends flavour oils so they do not separate), candy gloss, supplement tablet coatings, and as a fibre source in some functional foods. It is one of the oldest food additives in continuous commercial use. It is generally vegan and is permitted by FSSAI for specified food categories.

Quick Facts

INS Number
414
E-Number
E414
Category
Thickener
Veg Status
Vegan
FSSAI Status
Permitted by FSSAI
JECFA ADI
Not specified (1989)
Composition
A natural exudate (sap-like resin) collected from the cut bark of acacia trees, primarily Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal in the Sahel region of Africa. It is a complex polysaccharide-protein mixture that dissolves easily in water and stabilises both emulsions and suspensions.

What is INS 414?

INS 414 is gum arabic, also called acacia gum, the dried sap of acacia trees. On Indian packs it shows up in soft drinks (where it suspends flavour oils so they do not separate), candy gloss, supplement tablet coatings, and as a fibre source in some functional foods. It is one of the oldest food additives in continuous commercial use.

Why brands add it

Brands use it because gum arabic is the only natural emulsifier-stabiliser that works in cold acidic beverages without thickening them noticeably. That property makes it the default in cloud-flavoured soft drinks, where it keeps citrus and beverage oils suspended for the full shelf life. It is also a soluble dietary fibre.

Where you'll find it

INS 414 commonly shows up on Indian packets in these categories:

  • soft drinks and flavoured beverages
  • candy gloss and gummy coatings
  • supplement tablet coatings
  • fibre-fortified foods and drinks
  • icing and frosting
  • some pharmaceutical syrups

Veg or non-veg? - Vegan

Gum arabic is harvested by tapping the bark of acacia trees, which exude the gum naturally as a wound response (like a tree resin). No animal product is used in its manufacture; the trees are not harmed by sustainable tapping.

FSSAI status and JECFA evaluation

FSSAI: Permitted by FSSAI under Schedule I of the FSS (Food Products Standards and Food Additives) Regulations 2011 as a thickener, stabiliser, and emulsifier for specified food categories with category-specific limits.

JECFA: ADI 'not specified' for gum arabic, established at 35th JECFA (1989) and maintained at later evaluations. 'Not specified' is JECFA's safest classification at typical use levels.

Also known as

On packets, in recipes, and in conversation, INS 414 is also called:

414ins 414e414e 414gum arabicacacia gumacaciagum acaciababul gumkher gum

Frequently Asked Questions

Is INS 414 vegetarian?+
Vegan. Gum arabic is harvested by tapping the bark of acacia trees, which exude the gum naturally as a wound response (like a tree resin). No animal product is used in its manufacture; the trees are not harmed by sustainable tapping.
Is INS 414 permitted by FSSAI?+
Permitted by FSSAI under Schedule I of the FSS (Food Products Standards and Food Additives) Regulations 2011 as a thickener, stabiliser, and emulsifier for specified food categories with category-specific limits.
What is INS 414 used for?+
Brands use it because gum arabic is the only natural emulsifier-stabiliser that works in cold acidic beverages without thickening them noticeably. That property makes it the default in cloud-flavoured soft drinks, where it keeps citrus and beverage oils suspended for the full shelf life. It is also a soluble dietary fibre.
Is INS 414 (also written as E414) the same thing?+
Yes. INS 414 (the Codex International Numbering System used by FSSAI) and E414 (the European E-number system) refer to the same compound. The digits are identical for almost all common additives. Indian packets may show either form, or the common name (gum arabic (acacia gum)).

Sources

Last verified: 2026-04-30.

Regulatory status, not medical advice
This page summarises FSSAI's permission status and JECFA's scientific evaluation. It is not medical or dietary advice. Manufacturer ingredient sourcing can vary, especially for source-dependent additives - the Indian veg/non-veg dot logo on the pack is the brand's declaration. For health decisions, consult a doctor or registered dietitian.

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