INS 141 / E141ColourVegan

Chlorophylls and Chlorophyllins (INS 141)

TL;DR

INS 141 is chlorophylls and chlorophyllins, the natural green pigment from spinach, alfalfa, and nettles. It gives the green colour to paan-flavoured candies, herbal toothpastes, mint sweets, and some pista-style ice creams. The copper-chlorophyllin form (141ii) is the more stable variant on Indian packs. It is generally vegan and is permitted by FSSAI for specified food categories.

Quick Facts

INS Number
141
E-Number
E141
Category
Colour
Veg Status
Vegan
FSSAI Status
Permitted by FSSAI
JECFA ADI
Not specified (2006)
Composition
Two related natural green colourants: INS 141(i) is chlorophylls extracted from edible plant material (alfalfa, nettles, spinach), INS 141(ii) is the more water-soluble copper-complexed chlorophyllins derived from those chlorophylls. Both are listed under INS 141 with separate Codex specifications.

What is INS 141?

INS 141 is chlorophylls and chlorophyllins, the natural green pigment from spinach, alfalfa, and nettles. It gives the green colour to paan-flavoured candies, herbal toothpastes, mint sweets, and some pista-style ice creams. The copper-chlorophyllin form (141ii) is the more stable variant on Indian packs.

Why brands add it

Brands use it because it is a plant-derived green that gives paan, mint, pista, and herbal products their characteristic shade without using synthetic dyes. The copper-chlorophyllin variant resists fading better than raw chlorophyll, which is why it dominates packaged applications.

Where you'll find it

INS 141 commonly shows up on Indian packets in these categories:

  • paan-flavoured candies and mukhwas
  • herbal toothpastes and mouthwashes
  • mint and pista ice creams
  • green-shaded sweets and mithai
  • supplement capsules
  • some pasta and noodle colours

Veg or non-veg? - Vegan

Chlorophylls are extracted from edible plants (spinach, alfalfa, nettles). The copper-chlorophyllin variant uses a copper salt to replace the central magnesium of natural chlorophyll. No animal product is used in either manufacture.

FSSAI status and JECFA evaluation

FSSAI: Permitted by FSSAI under Schedule I of the FSS (Food Products Standards and Food Additives) Regulations 2011 as a colour for specified food categories with category-specific limits.

JECFA: ADI 'not specified' for chlorophylls (E 141i) and group ADI 0-15 mg/kg bw for chlorophyllin copper complexes (E 141ii), most recently maintained at 67th JECFA (2006). 'Not specified' is JECFA's safest classification.

Also known as

On packets, in recipes, and in conversation, INS 141 is also called:

141ins 141e141e 141141i141iichlorophyllchlorophyllschlorophyllincopper chlorophyllinnatural green colour

Frequently Asked Questions

Is INS 141 vegetarian?+
Vegan. Chlorophylls are extracted from edible plants (spinach, alfalfa, nettles). The copper-chlorophyllin variant uses a copper salt to replace the central magnesium of natural chlorophyll. No animal product is used in either manufacture.
Is INS 141 permitted by FSSAI?+
Permitted by FSSAI under Schedule I of the FSS (Food Products Standards and Food Additives) Regulations 2011 as a colour for specified food categories with category-specific limits.
What is INS 141 used for?+
Brands use it because it is a plant-derived green that gives paan, mint, pista, and herbal products their characteristic shade without using synthetic dyes. The copper-chlorophyllin variant resists fading better than raw chlorophyll, which is why it dominates packaged applications.
Is INS 141 (also written as E141) the same thing?+
Yes. INS 141 (the Codex International Numbering System used by FSSAI) and E141 (the European E-number system) refer to the same compound. The digits are identical for almost all common additives. Indian packets may show either form, or the common name (chlorophylls and chlorophyllins).

Sources

Last verified: 2026-04-30.

Regulatory status, not medical advice
This page summarises FSSAI's permission status and JECFA's scientific evaluation. It is not medical or dietary advice. Manufacturer ingredient sourcing can vary, especially for source-dependent additives - the Indian veg/non-veg dot logo on the pack is the brand's declaration. For health decisions, consult a doctor or registered dietitian.

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