INS 320 / E320AntioxidantVegan

BHA (Butylated Hydroxyanisole) (INS 320)

TL;DR

INS 320 is BHA, short for butylated hydroxyanisole. It is a synthetic antioxidant that stops fats and oils from going rancid, used most often in fried snacks, biscuits, and chewing gum where the fat content is high and shelf life matters. It is generally vegan and is permitted by FSSAI for specified food categories with restrictions.

Quick Facts

INS Number
320
E-Number
E320
Category
Antioxidant
Veg Status
Vegan
FSSAI Status
Permitted with restrictions
JECFA ADI
0-0.5 mg/kg bw (1989)
Chemical Name
tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (mixture of 2- and 3- isomers)

What is INS 320?

INS 320 is BHA, short for butylated hydroxyanisole. It is a synthetic antioxidant that stops fats and oils from going rancid, used most often in fried snacks, biscuits, and chewing gum where the fat content is high and shelf life matters.

Why brands add it

Brands use it because a tiny amount keeps oily snacks and bakery products tasting fresh weeks longer, especially in hot climates where rancidity sets in fast. It works at very low concentrations and is heat-stable, which suits fried products.

Where you'll find it

INS 320 commonly shows up on Indian packets in these categories:

  • fried snacks and namkeen
  • biscuits and bakery
  • chewing gum
  • instant soup powders
  • vegetable oils and ghee blends
  • breakfast cereals

Veg or non-veg? - Vegan

BHA is produced by chemical synthesis from p-methoxyphenol and isobutylene. No animal product is used in its manufacture.

FSSAI status and JECFA evaluation

FSSAI: Permitted by FSSAI as an antioxidant under Schedule I of the FSS (Food Products Standards and Food Additives) Regulations 2011 for specified food categories, with category-specific upper limits, often expressed as a maximum on combined synthetic antioxidant use.

JECFA: ADI 0-0.5 mg/kg body weight established at the 33rd JECFA (1988-1989), based on proliferative changes in the rat forestomach. EFSA's 2011 re-evaluation considered the rodent forestomach effect not relevant to humans and set a higher ADI of 1.0 mg/kg bw; JECFA has not aligned with this revision, so the two bodies currently differ.

Also known as

On packets, in recipes, and in conversation, INS 320 is also called:

320ins 320e320e 320bhabutylated hydroxyanisoletert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisoletertiary butyl hydroxyanisole

Frequently Asked Questions

Is INS 320 vegetarian?+
Vegan. BHA is produced by chemical synthesis from p-methoxyphenol and isobutylene. No animal product is used in its manufacture.
Is INS 320 permitted by FSSAI?+
Permitted by FSSAI as an antioxidant under Schedule I of the FSS (Food Products Standards and Food Additives) Regulations 2011 for specified food categories, with category-specific upper limits, often expressed as a maximum on combined synthetic antioxidant use.
What is INS 320 used for?+
Brands use it because a tiny amount keeps oily snacks and bakery products tasting fresh weeks longer, especially in hot climates where rancidity sets in fast. It works at very low concentrations and is heat-stable, which suits fried products.
Is INS 320 (also written as E320) the same thing?+
Yes. INS 320 (the Codex International Numbering System used by FSSAI) and E320 (the European E-number system) refer to the same compound. The digits are identical for almost all common additives. Indian packets may show either form, or the common name (bha (butylated hydroxyanisole)).

Sources

Last verified: 2026-04-29.

Regulatory status, not medical advice
This page summarises FSSAI's permission status and JECFA's scientific evaluation. It is not medical or dietary advice. Manufacturer ingredient sourcing can vary, especially for source-dependent additives - the Indian veg/non-veg dot logo on the pack is the brand's declaration. For health decisions, consult a doctor or registered dietitian.

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