INS 440 / E440ThickenerVegan

Pectin (INS 440)

TL;DR

INS 440 is pectin, a gelling polysaccharide from fruit peels. It is the gelling agent in jams, jellies, and fruit preparations and is also used to set yoghurts and dairy desserts. It is generally vegan and is permitted by FSSAI for specified food categories.

Quick Facts

INS Number
440
E-Number
E440
Category
Thickener
Veg Status
Vegan
FSSAI Status
Permitted by FSSAI
JECFA ADI
Not specified (1981)
Composition
Not a single compound. Pectin is a polysaccharide rich in galacturonic acid units, extracted commercially from the peels of citrus fruits (lemon, orange, lime) or apple pomace. It comes in high-methoxyl and low-methoxyl variants with different gelling behaviour.

What is INS 440?

INS 440 is pectin, a gelling polysaccharide from fruit peels. It is the gelling agent in jams, jellies, and fruit preparations and is also used to set yoghurts and dairy desserts.

Why brands add it

Brands use it because it sets jams firmly with sugar and acid, gives a clean fruity texture, and is recognised as natural by consumers. It is one of the oldest food additives and the standard gelling agent for fruit-based products.

Where you'll find it

INS 440 commonly shows up on Indian packets in these categories:

  • jams and marmalades
  • fruit jellies and confectionery
  • yoghurts and dairy desserts
  • fruit drinks and squashes
  • fillings for biscuits and bakery
  • low-sugar fruit preserves

Veg or non-veg? - Vegan

Pectin is extracted from citrus peels or apple pomace by acid extraction. No animal product is used in its manufacture. Pectin is the standard plant-based alternative to gelatin (INS 441) for setting jellies.

FSSAI status and JECFA evaluation

FSSAI: Permitted by FSSAI as a thickener, gelling agent, and stabiliser under Schedule I of the FSS (Food Products Standards and Food Additives) Regulations 2011 for specified food categories.

JECFA: ADI 'not specified' established at the 25th JECFA (1981) and maintained in subsequent reviews, the modern equivalent meaning normal dietary intake is not a hazard.

Also known as

On packets, in recipes, and in conversation, INS 440 is also called:

440ins 440e440e 440pectinpectinsamidated pectinlow-methoxyl pectincitrus pectinapple pectin

Frequently Asked Questions

Is INS 440 vegetarian?+
Vegan. Pectin is extracted from citrus peels or apple pomace by acid extraction. No animal product is used in its manufacture. Pectin is the standard plant-based alternative to gelatin (INS 441) for setting jellies.
Is INS 440 permitted by FSSAI?+
Permitted by FSSAI as a thickener, gelling agent, and stabiliser under Schedule I of the FSS (Food Products Standards and Food Additives) Regulations 2011 for specified food categories.
What is INS 440 used for?+
Brands use it because it sets jams firmly with sugar and acid, gives a clean fruity texture, and is recognised as natural by consumers. It is one of the oldest food additives and the standard gelling agent for fruit-based products.
Is INS 440 (also written as E440) the same thing?+
Yes. INS 440 (the Codex International Numbering System used by FSSAI) and E440 (the European E-number system) refer to the same compound. The digits are identical for almost all common additives. Indian packets may show either form, or the common name (pectin).

Sources

Last verified: 2026-04-29.

Regulatory status, not medical advice
This page summarises FSSAI's permission status and JECFA's scientific evaluation. It is not medical or dietary advice. Manufacturer ingredient sourcing can vary, especially for source-dependent additives - the Indian veg/non-veg dot logo on the pack is the brand's declaration. For health decisions, consult a doctor or registered dietitian.

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